Magnetic device.



C. E. BEACH.

MAGNETIC DEVICE- APPLlCATlON FILED JUNE 11. 1915.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

WITNESSES: M 1

NOGRAPH c0., WASHXNGTON, D. c.

: UNITED STATES PATENT ornron.

CLARENCE E. BEACH, 013 BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE 0.KNAPP, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MAGNETIC DEVICE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLARENCE E. BEACH, a citizen ofthe United States,residing at Binghamton, in the county of Broome and State of New York,have invented certa n new and useful Improvements in Magnetic Devices,of which the following is a specification.

This application is a continuation in part of my application Serial No.629,995, filed May 29th, 1911, and is substituted therefor.

This invention relates to magnetic devlces, and particularly to devicesin which the operation of an armature is governed by the direction ofthe current flow in circuit.

Polarized magnetic devices which have heretofore been devised have notbeen adapted to the control of electromechanical signaling mechanismsuch as electromechanical gongs, registers, indicators, trips, etc.,owing to the weakness of the force available for moving their armatures,and their form being such that they have not been adapted to beincorporated in the ccmmonlv used forms of such mechanisms. andtherefore it has been the practice to effect the polarized control ofsuch mechanisms from signaling circuits by providing local circuits,having operating magnets and local batteries for the desired mechanismsincluded therein, and employing polarized magnetic devices to controlsuch local circuits.

An object of this invention is to provide a direct polarized magneticcontrolling device for electromechanical signalin mechanism, which maybe operated as efficiently as direct non-polarized magnetic controllingdevices heretofore employed for controlling similar mechanism.

Another object of this in ention is to simplify the means of applyingone or more permanent magnets to an existing electromagnet structure soas to e able an mstrument desi ned to be controlled by ordinarelectromagnetic de ices to be readily equipped to be controlled bypolarized magnetic de i es.

Other obiects of this, invention are to provide a device of thecharacter descri ed in wh ch the armature will he m ved with greaterforce upon the expenditure of a gi en amount of e ectrical ener y in thewindings of the electromagnet structure Specification of Letters Patent.

an electric Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

This application filed June 11,

than can be obtained in the use of devices of a similar characterheretofore produced, to render the device uniform in efficiency,permanent in adjustment, and economical in manufacture, and to sosimplify the mechanism that it may be readily understood and kept inorder by those intrusted with its use so that it will require a minimumof attention and repairs. 7

Still other objects are referred to in the following specification andmore fully pointed out in the claims.

In applying this invention to any magnetic device, such as a telegraphrelay. an electromechanical gong, a fire alarm indicator or register,etc., electromagnet structure like that ordinarily employed in suchdevices may be utilized. The armature structure ordinarily employed canalso be utilized in connection With this invention, although it issometimes desirable to employ an armature having greater cross secticn.for a purpcse which will be hereinafter described.

The soft iron yoke ordinarily employed to connect the ends of theelectroma net cores farthest from the armature should be dispensed with.although a oke of nonmagnetic material may be substituted to pro videstructural su port and to maintain an unvarying magnetic gap.

A constantly magnetized structure. such as a permanent magnet, should bemagnetically joined to the ends of the clectromagnet cores adjacent tothe armature. so that the permanent and electrcma net will form ananomalous magnet structure, never having less than two free poles. andadapted to develop four free poles when the current flow through theelectromagnet is in a given direction.

The constantly magnetized structure will be hereinafter referred to as apermanent ma net, or a permanent magnet structure, which terms areintended to include any ma net structure whose direct on ofmagnetizaticn is constant or permanent. This structure may com rise oneor more permanent magnets. and if a plural ty of permanent ma nets areemployed. the like poles of all of said ermanent ma nets must be mgnetically oined to the same electromagnet core.

It is desirable that the connections between the permanent andelectromagnets should be comparatively non-retentive of magnetism, whilehaving high permeability, and furthermore that said connections shouldextend from their points of connection to the electromagnet cores awayfrom each other.

In many instances the consideration or" compactness and symmetricalappearance are impoitant, especially on such devices aselectromechanical gongs or registers whose inclosure may limit the spaceavailable for a magnetic structure, and while for differingcircumstances di'li'erent relative arrangements of the permanent andelectromagnets may be found desirable, it is most advantageous tosymmetrically locate the permanent magnet or magnets at one side of theelectromagnets, extending parallel 1 to the plane of the axes of thecores and at righ angles to said axes.

'ihe electromagnet coils should preferably be located side by side andshould be so electrically connected that current flow therethrough willoppositely magnetize similar ends of the electromagnet cores.

The windings of the eiectromagnet cores should be so proportioned that acurrent flow therethrough of the intensity of the minimum currentstrength of a circuit in which the device is intended to operate, will,if in a certain direction, produce consequent poles in the vicinity ofthe armature of such strength as will move the armature to attractedposition against the maximum friction and retractile force to which itis sub jected.

If it is desired that the device shall so operate that each reversal ofthe line circuit will be represented by a corresponding movement of thearmature, but makes or breaks in current flow in either direction willnot cause movement of the armature, the character of the permanentmagnet structure employed should be such, as to the number and size ofmagnets 11sec, that when the electromagnets are excited by maximumcurrent flow through the windings thereof in such direction that themagnetization of the electromagnet cores will be in series with themagnetization of the permanent magnet, the anomalous magnet structure asa whole will have but two free poles, which will be developed at theends of the electromagnet cores which are not adjacent to the armature,and the poles adjacent to the armature will be neutralized.

If it is desired that the armature shall remain stationary during makesand breaks in the current flow in one direction but vibrat I in responseto makes and breaks in the current flow in the opposite direction, the rluctance of the permanent magnet structure should hear such relation tothe magnetization of the electromagnet cores resulting from the passageof any current between the values at which the device is intended tooperate (or the current strength of the circuit should be so increased)that when the electrc-magnets are ener ized in a direction to act inseries with the permanent magnets, the magnetization of theelectromagnets will be so great that poles will be developed at the endsof the electromagnet cores adjacent to the armature by such lines offorce of the elcctromagnets as do not pass through the permanent magnetstructure.

if the electrcmagnets are liable to be exposed to a current flow of suchintensity that the degree of their magnetization in one direction mightotherwise impair the magnetization oi the permanent magnet structure,the area of the armature should be such as will provide a path thereluctance of which is so low that the permanent magnet structure willnot at any time be subjected to such a magnetic potential as might tendto reverse or neutralize the permanent magnetism therein.

If the current in the circuit in which this device is connected normallyflows in one direction for a greater aortion of the time, it isdesirable that the electromagnet coils should be so connected in saidcircuit that said direction of normal current flow will cause theelectromagnets to act in series with the permanent magnet structure andthereby tend to maintain and strengthen the magnetism of said structure.

Y/hile it will in manv cases be found to be highly desirable, andcalculated to give the best results in operation, to have the armatureadjacent to the poles of the electromagnet cores to which the permanentmagnet structure is connected, the armature may be located so as tobridge the connecting structin-e or extensions between the poles of thepermanent and clectromagnets at various points without departing fromthe spirit of this invention so long as said armature is so located asto be adapted to form a bridge for the lines of force passing betweensaid extensions when the permanent magnet structure and theelectromagnets are acting in parallel, but the armature should notbridge the magnetically separated ends of the elcctromagnets, as currentflow in either direction will develop magnetic poles at said separatedends, and the el'liciency of the entire anomalous magnet structure ismuch greater when the armature bridges the GX- tensions or the connectedpoles of the elec' trcmagnets than if said armature was mounted adiacentto the free poles of the electromagnets.

It is desirable to provide a stop or limit for the movement of thearmature away from the anomalous magnet structure, so that the movementof the armature cannot create an air gap equal in length to the gapbetween the separated poles of the electromagnet which form anon-magnetic section of the anomalous magnet structure and will behereinafter referred to as the nonmagnetic section it being understoodthat the use of this phrase is intended to refer to the magnetic circuitof the anomalous magnet, and that said section may or may not comprise aphysical member extending from one to the other of the separated polesof the electromagnet structure.

For the purpose of enabling this invention to be more readilyunderstood, an embodiment thereofis shown in the annexed drawing, which,in the interest of simplicity, shows the application of this inventionto an ordinary form of relay, but it is evident that this invention isequally adapted for use in many other magnetically operated ormagnetically controlled devices.

In the annexed drawing, in which similar reference characters denotesimilar parts: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a relay embodying thisinvention, and Fig. 2 is an isometric projection thereof.

The electromagnet structure of the relay shown in Figs. l and 2,comprises 1e electromagnets and 21, having cores 22 and 23,respectively. The ends 24, 25 of the cores 22, 23 are carried by anon-magnetic yoke, or bar 26, and said ends preferably project butslightly beyond the ends of the windings, and, while forming magneticpoles, are nct intended to act as poles upon any armature or othermagnetic structure, and therefore may be, for want of a better term,called isolated poles or ends.

The armature 29 is carried by the tongue 30, pivoted upon the shaft 31,and is mounted in such relation to the connected ends 27 and 28 of thecores 22 and 23 as to form a bridge for lines of force between said endsand between the bars 35 and 36. A suitable retractile spring 32 isprovided, and a back stop 33 is mounted in the path of the tongue so asto suitably limit the travel of the armature 29 away from the core ends27 and 28.

'The permanent magnet structure comprises a suitable number of permanentmagnet bars, as 34, 34, which are suitably secured to and carried by thesoft iron bars and 36, which bars are also secured to the connected coreends 27 and 28. respectively, so that the bar 35 forms an extensionbetween one set of like poles of the permanent magnets 34. 34 and thecore end 27, and the bar 36 forms a similar extension between the otherset of like poles of said permanent magnets and the core end 28.

The horizontal members 37 and 38, of the extensicns 35 and 36respectively, are so formed that the member 37 extends from its point ofconnection to the core end 27 away from the extension 36, and the member38 likewise extends from its point of connection to the core end 28 awayfrom the extension 35.

The vertical members 39 and 40 of the extensions 35 and 36 extendparallel to each other a suitable distance above the horizontal members37 and 38 of said extensions, so that the members 41 and 42 of said extensions, which extend parallel to each other and to saidelectromagnets, will be adapted to support the permanent magnets 34, 34in suitable and convenient relation to the electromagnets 20, 21.

The purpose of forming and applyingthe extensions 35 and 36, so thatthey extend from their points of connection to the cores first away fromeach other and then maintain the separation thus obtained, is toconcentrate the magnetic field in the vicinity of the armature 29, sothat the free magnetic poles which may be developed on these extensionswill always tend to concentrate in the vicinity of the armature, as theleakage path between the horizontal portions 37 and 38 will alwayspresent a lower reluctance than any path between the vertical orrearwardly projecting members 39, 40, 41 and 42, and therefore even ifthe electromagnets are so excited as to expand the free poles back alongthe extensions, away from the core ends 27 and 28, the density of thelines of force will always be greatest near said pole ends.

The extensions 35 and 36 should be comparatively non-retentive ofmagnetism, while having high permeability. If these extensions werematerially retentive of magnetism they would themselves tend to be comepermanent magnets, and in that event an excess flow of current in acertain directicn through the coils of the electromagnets 20, 21 wouldtend to develop lasting free poles on said extensions away from the coreends 27 and 28, and thus seriously impair the efficiency of the deviceor render it completely inoperative.

The conductors 43and 44 are connected to ends of the windings of themagnets 20 and 21, respectively, the opposite ends of said windingsbeing connected by the conductor 45. Said windings are so applied thatwhen current is flowing in either d rectirn through the c nductors 43and 44, the core ends 24 and 28 will be magnetized in one polarity and'ccre ends 25 and 27 will be oppositely magnetized. I

From the foregoing it is evident that the permanent magnet structure andelectromagnet structure, as connected by the extensions 35 and 36. forman anomalous magnet structure which always has at least two free polesbetween which there is a magnetic gap which is not varied by themovement of the armature. or otherwise, and therefore will be hereinreferred to as a constant magnetic gap. This magnet struc- 1 ture maybeso excited by the'fiow ofelectricity through the electromagnets and 21as to develop two consequent poles in addition thereto, r a total offour free poles, because consequent poles will be formed at 27 and 28,through the connection thereat of like poles of the permanent magnets84, 34 and the cores of the electromagnets 20 and 21, when current isflowing through the conductors 43 and 44 in one direction, and at thesame time a pole will be developed at the isolated core end. 24 similarto the pole at the connect-ed core end 28 and a pole will be developedat the isolated core end 25 similar to the pole at the connected coreend 27.

When there is a suitable current flow through the conductors 43, 44 inthe opposite direction, the poles 27, 28 will be neutralized and reversepole will be developed at the isolated core ends 24 and It will furtherbe seen that, while the armature 29 is adapted to form a bridge for thelines of force between the connected core ends 27 and 28 and willtherefore act responsively to the lines of force which pass through theexternal field between said core ends, said armature will be unaifectedby lines of force which traverse both the permanent magnet Structure andthe electro magnets, as the latter lines of force will not develop freepoles in the vicinity of the armature 29, but will pass between theisolated core ends 24 and 25.

The operation of this device is as follows: Whenever there is suitablecurrent flow through the conductor 43, 44, 45, for instance in thedirecticn indicated by the arrow heads on said conductors, consequentpoles will be produced at the connected core ends 27 and 28, thearmature 29 will be moved by the pull of said poles to attractedposition, against the retractile force of the spring 82 and the frictionof the pivot 31.

i: If said current flow is thereafter interrupted, the armature will beretained in said attracted position by the permanent and residualmagnetism of the anomalous magnet structure and the armature. Uponcurrent flow in the opposite direction, the magnetization of theisolated core ends 24 and 25 will be reversed, and the lines of forceinduced in the cores and 23 willtend to pass through the permanentmagnets 34, 34

and thus neutralize the poles which had been developed at the core ends27 and 28, provided the current flow through the conductors is not suchas will cause a degree of magn tization of the cores 22 and 23 "whichwill result in substantial saturation of the magnetic path through saidpermanent magnets 34, 34. If such reversed current flow is cf anintensity which will result in neutralization of the poles atthe"connected coreends 27, 28, tli.e-ar mature will be moved to-retractedposition-by 'tlie retractile'spring 32, and will remain in retractedposition during any succeeding interruptions in such current flow. Ifsuch reversed current flow is of sullicient intensity to so excite saidelectromagnets that the magnetic path through the permanent magnetstructure will become substantially saturated, free poles will bedeveloped at the core ends 27 and 28, and the armature 29 will be heldagainst retraction during such current flow, but Wlll be retractedduring any interruptions or adequate diminutions in such current flow.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis:

1. An anomalous magnet always having two free poles between which thereis a constant magnetic gap, and adapted to develop two consequent polesin addition thereto, and a soft iron armature so mounted and arranged asto be moved toward and bridge said consequent poles in response to theattraction thereof.

2. In a magnetically controlled device, the.

2-. A permanent magnet structure, an electromag'net structure having oneend joined to one end of the permanent magnet structure and the otherend joined to the other end of the permanent magnet structure and havingan intermediate magnetic gap, and an armature located adjacent to saidjoined ends and adapted to be moved by the magnetization thereof.

4. A permanent magnet, a pair of electro-- magnets, a pole of one ofsald electromagnets being magnetically connected to one pole of saidpermanent magnet and a pole of the other electremagnet belngmagnetically connected to the other pole of said permanent magnet, theremaining poles of said electromagnets being magnetically separated, asoft iron armature vibratory in response to magnetization of theconnected poles of said magnet and so located that when in one positionit completes a magnetic connection between said connected poles, and anelectrical connection between said elcctrfmagnets whereby current flowthrough said electromagnets will oppositely magnetize similar ends ofsaid electromagnets, a,

5, A pair of electromagnets having cores-j and located'sid'e by side, aplurality-of per-- manent magnets symmetrically located at one side ofsaid electromagnets and extending at right angles to the axes of saidcores, a soft iron bar connecting one set of like poles of saidpermanent magnets to an end of one of said cores, a similar barconnecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to theadjacent end of the other of said cores, said bars extending from theirpoints cf connection to the cores away from each other, and an armaturemounted in suitable relation to said bars.

6. An anomalous magnet structure comprising a permanent magnet section,two electromagnet sections magnetically connected thereto, and anon-magnetic section connecting the electromagnet sections, incombination with a movable armature extending between the ends of theelectromagnet sections which are connected to the permanent magnetsection, and a stop preventing movement of the armature away from saidmagnet structure far enough to-create an air gap equal in length to thelength of the non-magnetic section.

7. A permanent magnet structure, an electromagnet structure having oneend joined to one end of the permanent magnet structure and the otherend joined to the other end of the permanent magnet structure and havingan intermediate magnetic gap, and an armature so mounted and located asto be adapted to vibrate in response to and to form a bridge for thelines of force passing between said ends Without bridging said gap.

8. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, aplurality of permanent magnets symmetrically located at one side of saidelectromagnets and extending at right angles to the axes of said cores,a soft iron extension connecting one set of like poles of said permanentmagnets to an end of one of said cores, a similar extension connectingthe other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to the adjacentend of the other of said cores, and an armature mounted in suitablerelation to said extensions.

9. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, aplurality of permanent magnets lccated at one side of saidelectromagnets and extending parallel to the plane of the axes of saidcores and at right angles to said axes, a soft iron extension connectingone set of like poles of said permanent magnets to an end of one of saidcores, a similar extension connecting the other set of like poles ofsaid permanent magnets to the adjacent end of the other of said cores.and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said extensions.

10. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, aplurality of permanent magnets located at one side of saidelectromagnets and extending parallel to the plane of the axes of saidcores and at rightangles to said axes, a soft iron bar connecting oneset of like poles of said permanent magnets to an end of one of saidcores, a similar bar connecting the other set of like poles of saidpermanent magnets to the ad jacent end of the other of said cores, saidbars extending from their points of connection to the cores away fromeach other, and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said bars.

11. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, aplurality of permanent magnets located at one side of saidelectromagnets and extending parallel to the plane of the axes of saidcores, a soft iron bar connecting one set of like poles of saidpermanent magnets to an end of cne of said cores, a similar barconnecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to theadjacent end of the other of said cores, said bars extending from theirpoints of connection to the cores away from each other, and an armaturemounted in suitable relation to said bars.

12. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, aplurality of per manent magnets located at one side of saidelectromagnets and extending parallel to the plane of the axes of saidcores, a soft ircn bar connecting one set of like poles of saidpermanent magnets to an end of one of said cores, a similar barconnecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to theadjacent end of the other of said cores, and an armature mounted insuitable relation to said bars.

13. A magnet structure comprising a pair of electromagnets having cores,and a permanent magnet having soft iron extensions from each pole joinedto ends of said cores, in combination with a soft iron armature solocated adjacent to said junctions as to be adapted to form a bridge forthe lines of force between said junctions and to be unaffected by linesof force which traverse both the permanent magnet and theelectromagnets.

14. A pair of electromagnets each having a core and located side byside, a number of permanent magnets, soft iron bars connecting the likepoles of said permanent magnets to one end of each core. and an armaturelocated adjacent to said ends.

15. A pair of electromagnets each having a core and located side byside, a number of permanent magnets, soft iron bars connecting the likepoles of said permanent magnets to one end of each core, said barsextending away from their points of connection to the cores. and anarmature located adjacent to said ends.

16. A pair of electromagnets having cores, a soft iron extension fromone pole of one of said electromagnets extending away from the pole ofthe other of said electromagnets, a Similar extension from one pole ofthe other of said electromagnets, a permanent magnet the poles of whichare magnetically connected to said extensions, and an armature mountedin suitable relation to said extensions.

17. A pair of electromagnets having cores, a series of permanent magnetshaving soft iron polar extensions connecting the like poles or" saidpermanent magnets to ends of said cores, and an armature locatedadjacent to those ends of the cores to Which the extensions areconnected.

18. A pair of electromagnets having cores,

a permanent magnet having a soft iron eX- tension from one pole joinedto an end of one of said cores and a separate soft iron extension fromthe other pole joined to an endof the other of said cores, the remainingends of said cores being magnetically separated, and an armature locatedadjacent to said extensions.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 9th day ofJune, A. D. 191.5.

C. E. BEACH.

Vvitnesses CLARK PooL, M. L. THOMAS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

